Kohout (feminine Kohoutová) is a Czech surname, meaning rooster. Notable people with the surname include:

• Aleš Kohout (born 1972), Czech footballer
• Antonín Kohout (1919–2013), Czech cellist
• Eduard Kohout (1889–1976), Czech actor
• Jan Kohout (born 1961), Czech diplomat and politician
• Josef Kohout (1917–1994), Austrian Nazi concentration camp survivor
• Marta Kohoutová (1914–1953), Czechoslovak sprint canoer
• Michal Kohout (born 1996), Czech cyclist
• Milan Kohout (born 1955), Czech–American artist and writer
• Pavel Kohout (born 1928), Czech and Austrian novelist, playwright, and poet
• Pavel Kohout (organist) (born 1976), Czech organist
• Slavka Kohout (born 1932), American figure skating coach
• Zdeněk Kohout (born 1967), Czech bobsledder