Gabriel Poulain (14 February 1884 – 9 January 1953) was a French champion cyclist. He won the sprint event at the 1905 UCI Track Cycling World Championships in addition to four silver medals in the same event. He also won the Grand Prix de l'UVF in 1906.

He made several attempts to achieve human-powered flight. In July 1921, he won a prize of 10,000 francs awarded by Peugeot for a flight of ten metres at a height of one metre, using a bicycle with two wing planes in the Bois de Boulogne in Paris.