Schoeman is a South African surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Adri Schoeman (born 1970), retired South African sprinter, specialized in 400 metres
• Anriette Schoeman (born 1977), South African road cyclist
• Ben Schoeman (1905–1986), South African politician of the National Party prominent during the apartheid era
• Frank Schoeman (born 1975), South African former footballer
• Henri Schoeman (born 1991), South African triathlete
• Juan Schoeman (born 1991), South African rugby union player
• Karel Schoeman (1939–2017), South African novelist, historian, translator and man of letters
• Lizette Etsebeth-Schoeman (born 1963), South African former track and field athlete
• Marnus Schoeman (born 1989), South African rugby union footballer
• Paul Schoeman, South African rugby union player
• Pierre Schoeman (born 1994), South African rugby union player
• Renier Schoeman (born 1983), South African rugby union player
• Renier Schoeman (politician) (born 1944), South African politician
• Riaan Schoeman (born 1989), South African swimmer who specializes in the Individual Medley and Freestyle events
• Roland Schoeman OIS (born 1980), South African swimmer, member of the South African Olympic swimming team four times
• Roy H. Schoeman (born 1951), Jewish convert to Catholic Church, author.
• Stephanus Schoeman (1810–1890), State President of the South African Republic 1860 to 1862
• Tian Schoeman (born 1991) South African rugby union player