Carboni is an Italian surname. Notable people with the surname include:

• Amedeo Carboni, Italian footballer
• Andrea Carboni (born 2001), Italian footballer
• Berardo Carboni, Italian director
• Bernardino Carboni, Italian decorator and wood sculptor of the Baroque period
• Edvige Carboni, Italian mystic, venerated in Roman Catholic Church
• Ezequiel Alejo Carboni, Argentine footballer
• Francesco Carboni, Italian baroque period artist
• Franco Carboni (born 2003), Argentine footballer
• Gaetano Carboni, Italian former swimmer
• Giacomo Carboni (1889-1973), Italian general
• Giovanni Battista Carboni, Italian sculptor, painter and writer
• Giovanni Bernardo Carboni (1614-1683), Italian artist
• Giovanni Carboni (born 1995), Italian cyclist
• Guido Carboni, Italian footballer
• Jean-Michel Carboni, Businessman and CEO (Engie group)
• Jérémie Carboni, French producer, director and a political advisor
• Leonardo Carboni, Argentine footballer
• Luca Carboni, Italian musician
• Luigi Carboni, Italian painter of the late-Renaissance period
• Nicole Carboni (born 1991), Costa Rican-American fashion model, television and athlete
• Paola Renata Carboni, Italian mystic
• Raffaello Carboni (1817-1875), Italian writer and revolutionary
• Romolo Carboni (1911–1999), Italian prelate of the Catholic Church
• Roberto Eduardo Carboni, Argentine footballer
• Valentín Carboni (born 2005), Argentine footballer
• Yrius Carboni, Brazilian footballer