Schröder (Schroeder) is a German surname often associated with the Schröder family. Notable people with the surname include:

• Arthur Schröder (1892–1986), German actor
• Atze Schröder, stage name of German comedian Hubertus Albers
• Bernd Schröder (born 1942), German football manager
• Björn Schröder (born 1968), German and Swiss curler and coach
• Björn Schröder (born 1980), German cyclist
• Bob Schroder (born 1944), American baseball player
• Brigitte Schröder (1917–2000), German politician
• Carly Schroeder (born 1990), American actress
• Christa Schroeder (1908–1984), Adolf Hitler's personal secretary
• Christian Mathias Schröder (1778–1860), German politician
• Corina Schröder (born 1986), German footballer
• Dennis Schröder (born 1993), German basketball player
• Diana Schröder (born 1975), German artistic gymnast
• Dominik Schröder (1910–1974), German ethnologist
• Doris Schröder-Köpf (born 1963), German journalist
• Edward Schröder (1858–1942), German Germanist and mediaevalist
• Ernst Schröder (1841–1902), German logician and mathematician
• Frank Schröder (born 1962), East German skier
• Friedrich Schröder (1910–1972), German composer
• Friedrich Ludwig Schröder (1744–1816), German actor
• F.W. Schröder-Schrom (1879–1956), German actor
• Gerhard Schröder (disambiguation)
  • Gerhard Schröder (1910–1989), German politician
  • Gerhard Schröder (1921–2012), German radio and television executive
  • Gerhard Schröder (born 1944), German politician, Chancellor of Germany
• Gerco Schröder (born 1978), Dutch show jumping equestrian
• Greta Schröder (1892–1967), German actress
• Gustav Schröder (1885–1959), German sea captain who in 1939 attempted to save 937 German Jewish passengers on his ship, MS St. Louis, from the Nazis
• Gustaviana Schröder (1701–1763) Swedish singer
• Han Schröder (1918–1992), Dutch architect
• Hans Schröder (disambiguation)
  • Hans Schröder (1906–1970), German international footballer
  • Hans Schröder (1931–2010), German sculptor and painter
• Harold M. Schroder (1923-2013), American professor of psychology
• Heinrich G. F. Schröder (1810–1885), German natural scientist
• Jaap Schröder (1925–2020), Dutch violinist
• Jan Schröder (1941–2007), Dutch cyclist
• Jan-Christian Schröder (born 1998), German chess grandmaster
• Johann Heinrich Schröder (1784–1883), German-British banker
• Johannes Schröder (born 1991), German organist, composer and Catholic church musician
• John Schroder (born 1961), American businessman
• Jürgen Schröder (disambiguation)
  • Jürgen Schröder (born 1940), German politician (CDU)
  • Jürgen Schröder (born 1940), German rower
  • Jürgen Schröder (born 1960), German water polo player
• Karl Schröder (disambiguation)
  • Karl Schröder I (1816–1890), German violinist
  • Karl Schröder II (1848–1935), German cellist, composer and conductor
  • Karl Schröder (1884–1950), German communist politician
  • Karl Schröder, West German canoeist
  • Karl Ludwig Schröder, (1877–1940) German screenwriter, director, agent
• Katrin Schröder (born 1967), East German rower
• Kristina Schröder (born Köhler 1977), German politician
• Kurt Schröder (1888–1962), German composer
• Magdalena Schröder (born 1990), Swedish politician
• Marianne Schroeder (born 1949), Swiss pianist and composer
• Marianne Schröder (born 1977), Norwegian model
• Marianne Schröder (chess player) (1937–1970), German chess master
• Marie Schröder (1845–1917, Marie Hanfstängl), German singer
• Martin Schröder (disambiguation)
  • Martin Schröder (born 1931), Dutch pilot and businessman
  • Martin Schröder (born 1954), British chemist
• Matthias Schröder, German Paralympic athlete
• Michael Schröder (born 1959), German footballer
• Nic Schröder (born 1980), Swedish singer and actor
• Ole Schröder (born 1971), German politician
• Otto Schröder (Assyriologist) (1887–1928), German Ancient Near East scholar, primarily Assyriologist
• Otto Schröder (fencer) (1902–1975), German fencer
• Rainer M. Schröder (born 1951), German novelist
• Rayk Schröder (born 1974), German footballer
• Richard Schröder (1921–20??), Nazi German military officer
• Richard Schroeder (born 1961), American swimmer
• Ricky Schroder (born 1970), American actor
• Rudolf Alexander Schröder (1878–1962), German poet
• Simone Schröder (born 1964), German contralto and academic teacher
• Sophia Schröder (1712–1750), Swedish singer
• Sophie Schröder (1781–1868), German actress
• Soren Schroder, American businessman, CEO of Bunge Limited
• Thomas Schröder (born 1961), East German sprinter
• Thomas D. Schroeder (born 1959), American lawyer
• Truus Schröder-Schräder (1889–1985), Dutch socialite
• Ursula Schröder-Feinen (1936–2005), German singer
• Wilfrid Schroder (1946–2013), Associate Justice of the Kentucky Supreme Court
• Wilhelm Schröder (1896–1979), German military officer
• Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient (1804–1860), German singer
• Wilhelmine Schröder, (1839–1924), Swedish writer
• Willi Schröder (1928–1999), German footballer
• Willy Schröder (1912–1990), German discus thrower
• Wim Schröder (born 1971), Dutch show jumping equestrian